Biology 3201
Course Description
This course continues the study of introductory biology. Topics include the homeostasis of human body systems, Mendelian and modern genetics, human reproduction and evolutionary processes.
Authorized Learning Resource
Homework Central
Thurs Apr 25: Please review our continued notes and discussion exploring Evidence for Evolution: (4) comparative embryology and (5) evidence from molecules (nitrogen base sequence in DNA and amino acid sequence in proteins). Also review our discussion of Speciation. Note the definition and what is meant by the biological species concept...to be continued.
Assign 4 - Evidence for Evolution (Due Mon)
Wed Apr 24: Please review our continued notes and discussion exploring Evidence for Evolution: (1) fossil record (index fossils), (2) biogeography (adaptive radiation), (3) evidence from comparative anatomy (vestigial structures, homologous structures / divergent evolution, analogous structure / convergent evolution)...to be continued.
Mon Apr 22: Please review our notes and discussion exploring Evidence for Evolution: (1) fossil record. We discussed transitional fossils, the geological time scale (eras and periods), relative dating (principle of superposition), absolute dating (radioactive isotopes) and index fossils...to be continued.
Fri Apr 19: Please review our continued notes and discussion exploring the History of the Development of Evolutionary Theory. Note the following scientists and their contributions: (4) Cuvier (catastrophism), (5) Lyell (uniformitarianism), (6) Malthus (over-reproduction & competition), (7) Lamarck (inheritance if acquired characteristics), (8) Darwin (natural selection) and (9) Wallace (natural selection).
Assign 3 - History of Ideas About Evolution (Due Mon)
Thurs Apr 18: Please review our continued notes and discussion exploring the History of the Development of Evolutionary Theory. Note the following scientists and their contributions: (1) Plato (unchanging species), (2) Leclerc (species changed and evolved from a common ancestor, an older Earth), (3) Anning (changing species, pioneer of paleontology), (4) Cuvier (catastrophism)...to be continued.
Tues Apr 16: Please review our continued notes and discussion exploring Natural Selection. Note that the smallest unit that can evolve is the population, that natural selection is situational and understand the concept of survival of the fittest. Natural selection can result in survival or removal of a species. Removal can be extinction, extirpation and can result from being selected against, overspecialization or catastrophic events. Also review our discussion of Artificial Selection or Selective Breeding. Be able to discuss examples of selective breeding and possible negative impacts (selecting for unhealthy traits and a reduction in variation).
Assign 2 - Natural and Artificial Selection (Due Thurs)
Thurs Apr 11: Please review our discussion of Natural Selection. Note the definition and the steps in the process. Be able to use the British Peppered Moth or other such examples to illustrate natural selection (situation A - before Industrial Revolution & situation B - after Industrial Revolution).
Assign 1 - Variation & Adaptation (Due Tues)
Wed Apr 10: Please review our continued notes and discussion of our introduction to evolution. Be familiar with 3 types of adaptations (a) structural adaptations, (b) behavioral adaptations and (c) physiological adaptations. Also review the sources of variation (the raw material for evolution): (a) crossing over, (b) independent assortment and (c) germ cell mutations. The remainder of the period was used to collect data for Lab 1 - "Variations Great and Small".
Lab 1 - "Variations Great & Small" (Due Thurs)
Tues Apr 9: Please review our introduction to Unit 3A - Evolutionary Change and Biodiversity. Be familiar with a definition of evolution, the key ideas of evolution and the difference between 2 types of evolution (1) microevolution and (2) macroevolution. Note the importance of variation in evolution and the difference between variation and adaptation...to be continued.
Wed Mar 27: Students wrote the Unit 2 (B) - Molecular Genetics Test.
Mon Mar 25: This class was used for review in preparation for the upcoming Unit Test.
Unit 2(B) - Molecular Genetics Test (Wed Mar 27)
Fri Mar 22: We discussed issues issues / concerns surrounds reproductive cloning. The remainder of the period was used for review in preparation for the upcoming Unit Test.
Unit 2(B) - Molecular Genetics Test (Wed Mar 27)
Thurs Mar 21: Please review our continued notes and discussion of Genetically Engineered Products (Biotechnology Products); (2) genetically engineered organisms (transgenic pigs / xenotransplantation). Be familiar with concerns surrounding genetic modification: health concerns, environmental risks and social / ethical issues. (4) Reproductive Cloning. Note the steps for reproductive cloning of the first mammal (Dolly the Sheep).
Unit 2(B) - Molecular Genetics Test (Wed Mar 27)
Tues Mar 19: Please review our continued discussion of Genetic Engineering Techniques: (4) DNA Microarray and (5) CRISPR (Cas 9). Also review our introduction to Genetically Engineered Products (Biotechnology Products): (1) genetically modified foods (golden rice), ...to be continued.
Unit 2(B) - Molecular Genetics Test (Wed Mar 27)
Mon Mar 18: Please review our continued notes and discussion of Genetic Engineering Techniques. Students completed a worksheet exploring gel electrophoresis questions. (4) DNA Microarray...to be continued.
Assign 4 - Gel Electrophoresis (Due Tues)
Unit 2(B) - Molecular Genetics Test (Wed Mar 27)
Thurs Mar 14: Please review our continued notes and discussion of Genetic Engineering Techniques: (1) Restriction Enzymes, (2) DNA Amplification through (a) bacterial / viral vectors and (b) polymerase chain reaction (PCR), (3) Gel Electrophoresis...to be continued.
Unit 2(B) - Molecular Genetics Test (Wed Mar 27)
Wed Mar 13: Please review our continued notes and discussion of the Human Genome Project. Note the benefits and concerns surrounding the project. Also review our introduction to Genetic Engineering Techniques and recombinant DNA. Be familiar with a definition of genetic engineering and the various genetic engineering techniques: (1) Restriction Enzymes (restriction fragments, restriction sites, staggered cuts, sticky ends)...to be continued.
Unit 2(B) - Molecular Genetics Test (Wed Mar 27)
Tues Mar 12: Please review our continued notes and discussion of Chromosomal Mutations (e) nondisjunction (note examples of monosomy and trisomy)...to be continued. Also review the definition of a karyotype and how it is prepared. Also review our introduction to the Human Genome Project. Note the definition of a genome and the purpose of this project...to be continued.
Assign 3 - Chromosomal Mutations (Due Wed)
Unit 2(B) - Molecular Genetics Test (Wed Mar 27)
Thurs Mar 7: Please review our notes and discussion of (2) Chromosomal Mutations: (a) deletion, (b) inversion, (c) duplication, (d) translocation and (e) nondisjunction (note examples of monosomy and trisomy)...to be continued.
Mon Mar 4: Please review our continued notes and discussion exploring Types of Mutations: (1) Point / Gene Mutations (a) substitutions (missense and non-sense mutations), (b) insertions & deletions (frameshift mutations). Be able to identify which mutations are more severe.
Assign 2 - Point Mutations (Due Thurs)
Fri Mar 1: Please review our notes and discussion exploring Mutations. Note the definition of a mutation and compare which mutations can be inherited: (a) somatic cell mutations vs (b) germ cell mutations. Note that the causes of mutations are mutagens and thee can be of 2 types; (1) spontaneous mutations and (2) induced mutations (a) physical mutagens and (b) chemical mutagens. Finally we worked through the various types of mutations: (1) Point / Gene Mutations: (a) substitutions - be able to recognize silent...to be continued.
Wed Feb 28: We worked through several examples of Protein Synthesis using different starting points. Also review the three characteristics of the genetic code: (1) redundant, (2) continuous and (3) universal.
Assign 1 - Protein Synthesis (Due Fri)
Tues Feb 27: Please review our continued notes and discussion of Protein Synthesis. Be familiar with the 2 stages of protein synthesis: (1) transcription (copying DNA using mRNA) and (2) translation (carrying in of the correct amino acid by tRNA). Be familiar with how to use the mRNA Table to determine which amino acid is coded. We worked through several examples from different starting points...to be continued.
Fri Feb 23: Please review our introduction to Protein Synthesis. Note why proteins are important in the body and be familiar with the building blocks of proteins (amino acids connected by peptide bonds). Know the four molecules involved in the process including their name, function, number of strands and shape: (DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA). Be familiar with the 2 stages of protein synthesis (1) transcription (copying DNA using mRNA) and (b) translation (carrying in of the correct amino acid by tRNA)...to be continued.
Thurs Feb 22: Students completed Lab 2 - DNA Structure / Replication Modelling Lab.
Lab 2 DNA Structure / Modelling (Due - Thurs)
Wed Feb 21: Please review our continued notes and discussion exploring DNA Replication (Copying). Be familiar with the key events during each of the following stages: (2) elongation (on both the leading and lagging strands), (3) termination and (4) proofreading and correction.
Mon Feb 19: Please review our notes and discussion of DNA Replication (Copying DNA). Note the functions of the enzymes that power this process: (1) helicase, (2) primase, (3) DNA polymerase and (4) ligase. Be familiar with the key events during teh four stages of DNA Replication: (1) initiation, (2) elongation (on both leading and lagging strands)...to be continued.
Fri Feb 16: Please review our continued notes and discussion exploring the History Leading To The Discovery of DNA as The Molecule of Inheritance. Note the contributions of the following: (5) Hershey and Chase, (6) Chargaff (we completed several problems related to Chargaff's Rule) and (7) Franklin & Wilkins.
Tues Feb 13: Please review our notes and discussion exploring the History Leading To The Discovery of DNA as The Molecule of Inheritance. Note the contributions of the following: Miescher, (2) Levene, (3) Griffith, (4) Avery, MacLeod & McCarty..to be continued.
Mon Feb 12: Students completed Lab 1 - DNA Extraction. Students extracted DNA from a banana.
Lab 1 Due Date (Tues)
Wed Feb 7: Students completed Unit 2 Test 1 - Mendelian Genetics.
Mon Feb 5: Please review our introduction to Unit 2 Part B - Molecular Genetics. We started with a discussion of DNA Structure. Note the function of DNA, the co-discovers of DNA's structure (Watson & Crick), what the letters stand for (deoxyribonucleic acid) and the meaning of a double helix. Be familiar with the building blocks of DNA - nucleotides and their composition (sugar, phosphate and 1 of 4 nitrogen bases). Note the uncoiled ladder structure and why the strands are not identical but instead: (a) complimentary and (b) antiparallel...to be continued.
Unit 2 Test - Mendelian Genetics (Wed Feb 7)
Review Sheets For The Upcoming Test Are Posted In Google Classroom
Thurs Feb 1st: This class was used for review in preparation for the upcoming test.
Unit 2 Test - Mendelian Genetics (Wed Feb 7)
Review Sheets For The Upcoming Test Are Posted In Google Classroom
Tues Jan 30: We worked through some sample questions related to pedigree analysis. Students were given the opportunity to review their January Cumulative Assessments.
Unit 2 Test - Mendelian Genetics (Wed Feb 7)
Review Sheets For The Upcoming Test Are Posted In Google Classroom
Mon Jan 29: We completed the discussion of Pedigrees and Inheritance Patterns: (2) autosomal dominant ex: progeria, Huntington's Disease & polydactyly, (3) sex linked recessive ex: red green color blindness, muscular dystrophy, pattern baldness, hemophilia. Students worked on some sample review multiple choice questions from old public exams.
Unit 2 Test - Mendelian Genetics (Wed Feb 7)
Review Sheets For The Upcoming Test Are Posted In Google Classroom
Thurs Jan 25: Please review our introduction to Pedigrees and Patterns of Inheritance. Note the definition of a pedigree, pedigree symbols and their use in the field of genetics. Be able to identify the following inheritance patterns in pedigrees: (1) autosomal recessive ex: Tay Sachs Disease, PKU and Hitchhiker's Thumb...to be continued.
Unit 2 Test - Mendelian Genetics (Wed Feb 7)
Review Sheets For The Upcoming Test Are Posted In Google Classroom
Wed Jan 24: Please review our continued notes and discussion exploring Gene Expression. Note the factors that impact the expression of genes; (1) the environment - genetically identical plants grown in different soil, identical twins raised in different environments, snowshoe hare coat color at different times of the year, influence of temperature. (2) epigenetics. Be familiar with a definition of epigenetics which does not change the genes themselves but their protein coat which can activate (turn on) or deactivate (turn off) genes. Note the research connecting epigenetics and disease.
Unit 2 Test - Mendelian Genetics (Wed Feb 7)
Tues Jan 23: Please review our notes and discussion of Polygenic Inheritance. Note the continuous variation of phenotypes when traits are controlled by multiple genes (ex: human height, human eye color, human skin tone, corn ear length). Also review our introduction to Gene Expression. Compare the traditional belief (only genes determine phenotype) to the (b) modern belief (genes are only one factor in determining phenotype)...to be continued.
Fri Jan 19: Please review our continued discussion of (6) Sex Linked Inheritance. We worked through several sample problems. Note the discovery of sex linkage by Thomas Morgan while working with fruit flies...to be continued.
Assign 6 - Sex Linkage (Due Tues)
Thurs Jan 18: Please review our notes and discussion of (6) Sex Linked Inheritance. Note the symbols, list of traits that are sex-linked and why sex linked traits are more common in males. ...to be continued.
Tues Jan 16: Students completed the Cumulative Assessment on Unit 2 - Genetics (Mendelian).
Mon Jan 15: Students wrote the cumulative assessment on Unit 1 - Reproduction and the Continuity of Life.
Fri Jan 12: Please review our notes and discussion exploring Gene Linkage. Gene linkage was first discovered by Thomas Morgan while working with fruit flies; Drosophila. Note the situations where gene linkage applies and therefore the exception to the Law of Independent Assortment. This lead to a restatement of the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance to the Gene Chromosome Theory of Inheritance. Be familiar with the idea that genes that are far apart have greater frequencies of crossover events. This led to the construction of maps of genes on chromosomes. Students constructed a simple gene map using this information...to be continued.
A Schedule Has Been Posted In Your Google Classroom For
January Cumulative Assessments
Wed Jan 10: Please review our notes and discussion of the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance as outlined by Sutton and Boveri. Be familiar with the 2 points that compose the Chromosome Theory. Note the parallels between the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and Mendel's "factors". Also review our discussion of Gene Linkage as discovered by Thomas Morgan when working with fruit flies; Drosophila. Note that this is an exception to the Law of Independent Assortment. Be familiar with situations where Gene Linkage applies. This led to a restatement of the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance.
A Schedule Has Been Posted In Your Google Classroom For
January Cumulative Assessments
Tues Jan 9: Please review our continued notes and discussion of (5) Multiple Alleles. We worked through two additional sample problems. Students worked on Assignment 5 - Multiple Alleles.
Assign 5 - Multiple Alleles (Due Wed)
A Schedule Has Been Posted In Your Google Classroom For
January Cumulative Assessments
Thurs Jan 4: Please review our notes and discussion of (5) Multiple Alleles. Note that multiple alleles results in a greater variety of phenotypes. Be familiar with the example of human blood type. We worked through several example problems...to be continued.
A Schedule Has Been Posted In Your Google Classroom For
January Cumulative Assessments
Wed Jan 3: Please review our notes and discussion exploring (4) Codominance. Note the symbols used for this type of inheritance and the expression of both alleles in the hybrid phenotype. Note the examples of barred plumage in chickens and roan hair in horses.
Assign #4 - Codominance (Due Thurs)
A Schedule Has Been Posted In Your Google Classroom For
January Cumulative Assessments
Tues Dec 19: Please review our notes and discussion exploring (4) Codominance. Note the symbols used for this type of inheritance and the expression of both alleles in the hybrid phenotype. Note the examples of barred plumage in chickens and roan hair in horses.
Assign #4 - Codominance (Completed In Class)
A Schedule Has Been Posted In Your Google Classroom For
January Cumulative Assessments
Fri Dec 15: This class had a scheduled Christmas Activity.
A Schedule Has Been Posted In Your Google Classroom For
January Cumulative Assessments
Thurs Dec 14: Please review our continued notes and discussion of (3) Incomplete Dominance. We worked through 2 sample problems and discussed two human traits that follow this pattern of inheritance: (a) familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and (b) sickle cell trait.
Assign #3 - Incomplete Dominance (Due Fri)
Wed Dec 13: Please review our notes and discussion exploring a final example of a (2) Dihybrid Cross. Also review our introduction to (3) Incomplete Dominance. Note the symbols used for this type of inheritance, the blending of the hybrid phenotype and our example using a snapdragon / four o'clock plant: R1R1 - red flower, R2R2 - white flower and R1R2 - pink flower...to be continued.
Assignment 2 - Dihybrid Cross (Due Thursday)
Mon Dec 11: Students completed Unit 2 Quiz 1 - Mendelian Genetics Introduction. We completed a second example of a dihybrid cross.
Fri Dec 8: We completed Mendel's dihybrid cross and how it produced the famous 9:3:3:1 ratio in the F2 generation. Note how the dihybrid cross illustrates Mendel's Second Law of Inheritance: The Law of Independent Assortment. We started working through another dihybrid cross problem...to be continued.
Unit 2 - Quiz 1 - Mon Dec 11
Wed Dec 6: Please review our continued notes and discussion exploring the Test Cross or Back Cross. We worked through two sample problems. Also review our introduction to the Dihybrid (Two Factor) Cross. We worked through Mendel's dihybrid cross and how it produced the famous 9:3:3:1 ratio in the F2 generation...to be continued.
Unit 2 - Quiz 1 - Mon Dec 11
Tues Dec 5: Please review our notes and discussion exploring the Law of Segregation. Be familiar with the 4 points that are apart of the Law of Segregation, how this is illustrated in a monohybrid cross and why this law is true in genetics. Also review our introduction to the Test Cross or Back Cross. Be familiar with why this is used in plant and animal breeding to determine and unknown dominant genotype (DD or Dd?)...to be continued.
Unit 2 - Quiz 1 - Mon Dec 11
Mon Dec 4: Please review our continued examples of Monohybrid (Single Factor) Cross problems. We worked through a third sample problem. Also review our introduction to Probability. Note the definition of probability, the formula and how to apply the Product Rule. We worked through a monohybrid cross that included the concept of probability.
Assignment 1 - Monohybrid Cross (Due Mon)
Thurs Nov 30: Please review our continued notes and discussion of the Monohybrid (Single Factor) Cross. We worked through Mendel's Monohybrid Cross and how we complete this reproduction using our modern understanding of genetics (alleles) and Punnett Squares. Be familiar with constructing genotypic and phenotypic ratios. We worked through another example of a monohybrid genetics problem....to be continued.
Wed Nov 29: Please review our continued notes and discussion of Genetics Terms / Vocabulary: (6) allele, (7) dominant allele, (8) recessive allele (Law of Complete Dominance), (9) allele pairing (homozygous / pure and heterozygous / hybrid and (10) genotype and phenotype. Also review our discussion of a Monohybrid (Single Factor) Cross. We worked through Mendel's Monohybrid Cross and how we complete this reproduction using our modern understanding and a Punnett Square.
Mon Nov 27: Please review our introduction to Unit 2A - Mendelian Genetics. We discussed the History Surrounding Early Theories of Inheritance: (1) Aristotle (pangenes), (2) Leeuwenhoek (homunculus), (3) plant breeder (blending inheritance) and (4) Mendel (particulate / unit theory of inheritance). Also review the following Genetics Terms / Vocabulary: (1) trait, (2) heredity, (3) genetics, (4) purebred / true breeding, (5) gene...to be continued.
Thurs Nov 23: Students completed the Unit 1 - Reproduction and the continuity of Life Test.
Tues Nov 21: This class was used as a review period in preparation for the upcoming test.
Unit 1 Test - Thurs Nov 23
Mon Nov 20: Please review our continued noted and discussion of Stem Cells. Note the definition of a stem cell, their use, sources of embryonic stem cells, sources of adult stem cells and the advantages /
disadvantages of both.
Unit 1 Test - Thurs Nov 23
Thurs Nov 16: Please review our continued notes and discussion exploring Birth Control Methods: (2) Hormonal Methods (c) intrauterine device (IUD), (d) patch, (e) vaginal ring and (f) emergency contraception. (3) Barrier Methods (a) condom, and (b) diaphragm. (4) Surgical Methods (a) vasectomy and (b) tubal ligation. We also introduced Stem Cells.
Unit 1 Test - Thurs Nov 23
Wed Nov 15: Please review our continued notes and discussion of the Solutions To Infertility: (7) cryopreservation. Be familiar with the ethical issues that surround these reproductive technologies. Also review our introduction to Birth Control Methods; (1) Natural Methods (a) abstinence, (b) withdrawal, (c) fertility awareness. (2) Hormonal Methods: (a) birth control pills, Depro Provera (injectable hormone), (c) intrauterine device (IUD)...to be continued.
Unit 1 Test - Thurs Nov 23
Thurs Nov 9: Please review our continued notes and discussion of the Solutions for Infertility. In each case be familiar with how the procedure works and who would use it: (1) artificial insemination, (2) gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), (3) in vitro fertilization (IVF), (4) in vitro maturation (IVM), (5) superovulation, (6) surrogate motherhood, (7) cryopreservation...to be continued.
Unit 1 Test - Thurs Nov 23
Wed Nov 8: Please review our continued notes and discussion of Causes of Infertility: (1) Females: (c) endometriosis and (d) damaged eggs. (2) Males: (a) blockage in epididymis / vas deferens, (b) low sperm count, (c) high numbers of abnormal sperm and (d) erectile dysfunction / impotence. Also review our introduction to the Solutions for Infertility. In each case be familiar with how the procedure works and who would use it: (1) artificial insemination...to be continued.
Unit 1 Test - Thurs Nov 23
Mon Nov 6: Please review our continued notes and discussion of Methods of Monitoring the Health of the Fetus: (5) chorionic villi sampling and (6) fetoscopy. Also review the Causes of Infertility in (1) Females: (a) blocked oviduct, (b) failure to ovulate, (c) endometriosis ...to be continued.
Unit 1 Test - Thurs Nov 23
Fri Nov 3: Please review our notes and discussion exploring Methods of Monitoring the Health of the Fetus. In each case ensure that you realize whether this technology is gathering information regrading structural abnormalities or genetic (chromosomal) abnormalities in the baby. Be able to describe each method: (1) ultrasound, (2) maternal blood screening, (3) cell free DNA screening, (4) amniocentesis, (5) chorionic villi sampling...to be continued
Unit 1 Test - Thurs Nov 23
Thurs Nov 2: Please review our continued notes and discussion of the Stages of Childbirth: (b) expulsion stage and (c) placental stage. Be familiar with the positive feedback loop that allows for childbirth and lactation (milk release)...to be continued.
Tues Oct 31: Please review our notes and discussion exploring the Key events of the Trimesters of Pregnancy: (1) 1st Trimester - reproductive organs, (2) 2nd Trimester - limbs, bone & heart detection and (3) 3rd Trimester - rapid brain development. We also discussed the development of Twins: (1) fraternal twins and (2) identical twins.
Mon Oct 30: Please review our notes and discussion of Teratogens, Be familiar with the definition of a teratogen, the concept of a critical period of development and how these reach the child by diffusion across the placenta. Note the following teratogens and their impact on fetal development: (1) cigarette smoke (nicotine), (2) alcohol, (3) thalidomide and other prescription drugs, (4) infectious diseases and (5) environmental toxins / pollutants.
Thurs Oct 26: Please review our final discussion of Human Development: (7) neurulation (neurula). Also review our introduction to the Extra Embryonic Membranes. Note that these membranes develop from the trophoblast. Be familiar with their functions and location on a diagram (1) amnion, (2) chorion, (3) allantois and (4) yolk sac.
Assign 5 - Human Development (Due Mon)
Wed Oct 25: Please review our continued notes and discussion exploring Human Development: (3) cleavage (embryo), (4) cleavage continued (morula), (5) implantation (blastocyst), (6) gastrulation & differentiation (gastrula)...to be continued. Students labelled a diagram of these structures.
Fri Oct 20: Please review our continued notes and discussion of the menstrual cycle. Be familiar with the important dates in the cycle and the changes associated with menopause. The class worked through several sample questions. Also review our introduction to Human Development. Note the following processes: (1) ovulation (egg), (2) fertilization (zygote), (3) cleavage (embryo)...to be continued
Thurs Oct 19: Please review our continued notes and discussion of the Menstrual Cycle. Note the 2 ovarian hormones and their functions: (3) estrogen and (4) progesterone. Be familiar with the 3 stages of the cycle and important events within each stage. Be able to recognize these on a graph: Ovarian Cycle - (1) Follicular Stage and (2) Luteal Stage AND the Uterine Cycle - (3) Menstruation Stage. Students viewed an animation showing the changes during the cycle.
Tues Oct 17: Please review our introduction to Hormonal Control of the Reproductive Cycle (1) In Males. Be familiar with the negative feedback loop for the production of sperm and testosterone. (2) In Female: The Menstrual Cycle. Note the definition of the menstrual cycle and the following terms; follicle, corpus luteum (yellow body) and endometrium. Be familiar with the 2 pituitary hormones and their function: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) as well as 2 ovarian hormones...to be continued.
Assign 4 - STI Research (Due Wed)
Mon Oct 16: Students completed Quiz #2. We also discussed types of damage caused by untreated STIs.
Assign 4 - STI Research (Due Wed)
Fri Oct 13: Please review our continued notes and discussion of the Human Reproductive Pathway: (2) Female Pathway For Eggs: (1) (c) oviduct (Fallopian tube), (d) uterus, (e) cervix and (f) vagina. Be able to label a diagram. Also review our introduction to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Be familiar with the following viral STIs and how they are treated: (a) AIDS (b) hepatitis, (c) genital herpes and (d) human papillomavirus (HPV). Also note the bacterial STIs and how they are treated: (a) chlamydia, syphilis and (c) gonorrhea...to be continued.
Assign 4 - STI Research (Due Wed)
Quiz 2 - Mon Oct 16
Wed Oct 11: Please review our continued notes and discussion to the Human Reproductive Pathway (1) Male Pathway For Sperm: (c) epididymis, (d) vas deferens, (e) urethra. Also note the structures that add products into semen but are not part of the main pathway (f) seminal vesicle, (g) prostate gland and (h) Cowper's gland. Note the functions of the 2 male reproductive hormones (testosterone and inhibin). Also review the (2) Female Reproductive Pathway For Eggs: (a) ovaries, (b) fimbriae...to be continued. Be able to label a diagram.
Quiz 2 - Mon Oct 16
Tues Oct 10: Please review our notes and discussion exploring the lifecycle of a virus. Note the 2 types of virus reproduction: (1) lytic reproduction (virus DNA does not join host cell) and (2) lysogenic (virus DNA does join host cell). Also review our introduction to the Human Reproductive Pathway. Be able to label a diagram (1) Male Pathway For Sperm: (a) testes, (b) seminiferous tubules...to be continued.
Quiz 2 - Mon Oct 16
Thurs Oct 5: Please review our continued notes and discussion of Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - Angiosperms. We discussed the 2 components of the pollen grain (tube cell and generative cell) and the double fertilization that is unique in flowering plants. Also review the differences between pollination and fertilization. We completed Lab 3 - Flower Dissection where students identified the parts of the flower and grew pollen tubes.
Lab - Flower Dissection (Due Tues)
Quiz 2 - Mon Oct 16
Wed Oct 4: Please review our introduction to (c) plant lifecycle sporophyte dominant (flowering plant / angiosperm). Note the parts of the perfect flower: (1) Male Stamen - including filament, anther and pollen grains. Female Pistil - including stigmas, style, ovary, ovule and ovum. Know the functions of these parts and be able to label a diagram. Also note functions of non-reproductive parts - petals and sepals...to be continued.
Tues Oct 3: Please review our continued discussion of Reproductive Strategies: (b) invertebrate (jellyfish) lifecycle, (c) plant lifecycle gametophyte dominant (moss)...to be continued.
Fri Sept 29: Please review our continued notes and discussion of Reproductive Strategies: (1) Asexual Reproduction (d) fragmentation, (e) parthenogenesis and (f) spores. (2) Sexual Reproduction. Note the differences from asexual reproduction (a) vertebrate (human) lifecycle, (b) invertebrate (jellyfish) lifecycle...to be continued.
Thurs Sept 28: Please review our continued notes and discussion of the Physical Differences Between Sperm and Egg Cells: (3) mitochondria, (4) number produced, (5) motility and (6) outer structures (acrosome vs jelly coat). Also review our introduction to Reproductive Strategies: (1) Asexual Reproduction - (a) binary fission, (b) budding, (c) vegetative propagation...to be continued.
Tues Sept 26: Please review our continued notes and discussion of meiosis in males (spermatogenesis) and meiosis in females (oogenesis). Note the differences between these processes and a related diagram. Also review our introduction to the Physical Differences Between Sperm and Egg Cells based on the following headings: (1) relative size, (2) energy source...to be continued.
Assign 3 - Meiosis (Due Thurs)
Mon Sept 25: Please review our continued notes and discussion of Meiosis. Note the sources of variation during this sexual reproduction: (1) crossing over in prophase I and (2) independent assortment in metaphase I...to be continued.
Fri Sept 22: Students completed the Cell Cycle Quiz. Please review our continued discussion of Meiosis. Note the overall steps of the process. Students completed the summary table.
Wed Sept 20: Please review our continued notes and discussion of Cancer: An Application of the Cell Cycle. We discussed the side effects of radiation treatment and how these can be explained as a result of the damage to healthy cells. Also review our introduction to Meiosis. Note the purpose, cells involved, cells produced, overall stages...to be continued.
Cell Cycle + Cancer Quiz (Fri)
Tues Sept 19: Please review our notes and discussion exploring Cancer - An Application of the Cell Cycle. Note the cause of cancer (mutation to a gene that controls cell division), 2 types of tumors (benign and malignant), cause of the mutation (exposure to radiation, exposure to carcinogen) and treatment of cancer through (a) targeted radiation and (b) chemotherapy. We also discussed the several side effects of radiation treatment...to be continued.
Cell Cycle + Cancer Quiz (Fri)
Thurs Sept 14: Students completed the Cell Cycle Lab #1 and the Lab Report. This involved viewing onion cells in various stages of the Cell Cycle under the compound light microscope.
Assign 2 - Cell Cycle Questions (Due Tues)
Cell Cycle + Cancer Quiz (Fri)
Wed Sept 13: Please review our continued notes and discussion of the Stages of the Cell Cycle: (2) Mitosis: (a) anaphase, (b) telophase and (3) cytokinesis. Students completed a pie graph of the Cell Cycle. Note the difference between a cleavage furrow (animal cells) and a cell plate (plant cells).
Assign 1 - Cell Cycle (Due Thurs)
Mon Sept 11: Please review our continued notes and discussion of the Cell Cycle. Note the key events in each of these stages and be able to recognize a diagram of each stage: (1) interphase, (2) mitosis - (a) prophase, (b) metaphase...to be continued.
Fri Sept 8: Please review our continued notes and discussion of The Cell Cycle. Note the purpose of the cell cycle in multicellular organisms (humans) and unicellular organisms (bacteria). Also review the cells involved (somatic cells) and the cells produced (identical somatic cells). Be familiar with the overall steps: (1) interphase, (2) mitosis (prophase, anaphase, telophase) and (3) cytokinesis. We completed a summary table. You should remember the key events in each of these stages and be able to recognize a diagram of each stage...to be continued.
Wed Sept 6: Welcome to Biology 3201! Let's look forward to a great year of learning together. Today you received your course descriptor and evaluation scheme, had the opportunity to join our Google Classroom and were introduced to my website. The remainder of the period was used to distribute textbooks.
Contact:
steventrimm@nlesd.ca